Scientific Substantiation of Overcoming of Existing Ecological Problems Caused By Separate Impacts and Recreational Loads on Landscape Complexes on the South-Western Slopes of Azerbaijan(on the Example of Sheki-Zakatala Zone)

In the article, the landscape complexes of the Southern slope of the Caucasus react differently to different  impacts and recreational loads on the example of Sheki-Zakatala zone, which is the object of study in terms  of ecotourism development. In this regard, safe loads for one natural complex have been found to be critical  for others. Recreational use of forests has been found to be of great importance for increasing the resource  potential of society. Field research In light forests with recreational grass cover, for example, in Bunut  forests of Sheki-Zakatala zone, oak-maple and oak-maple-hornbeam formations are not resistant to recreational vegetation. and the upper part of the soil is hard. As a result of trampling the seedlings, they  perish. From this point of view, as a result of the transfer of forests around springs to private individuals,  the forest is degraded, seedlings are trampled, the reaction force reaches a high level, anthropogenic  pressure increases, and grass and moss cover is destroyed. Therefore, there are no young seedlings in the  forests of Bunut. Forest grazing is more dangerous in this area. Thus, the existing seedlings are eaten by  animals, trampled, and the soil is hardened. The current situation mainly affects a large area in the area  around the basins of the Vendam, Damiraparan, Hamzali, Bum and Karachay rivers. Especially during the  rainy season, animals damage the soil surface and vegetation more, causing the destruction of grass and  moss layers, which is unacceptable.

 Keywords: ecotourism, recreation, urbanization, phytocenosis, anthropogenic, phytogenic, zoogenic,  degradation, relief, etc.